Nominal/ Characteristic values of loads|www.BuildingHow.com

VOLUME A
The art of construction and detailing
Introduction
The structural frame
- Introduction
- Structural frame elements
  - Columns
  - Beams
  - Slabs
  - Staircases
  - Foundation
- STRUCTURAL FRAME LOADING
- BEHAVIOR OF THE STRUCTURAL FRAME
  - The behavior and reinforcement of a slab
  - Behavior and reinforcement of beams and columns
Construction methods
- The materials
- The moulds
- Thermal insulation of structural elements
- Concrete
- The steel
- Reinforcement specifications of antiseismic design
- Industrial stirrups - stirrup cages
- Standardized cross-sections of reinforced concrete elements
Reinforcement
- Columns
- Shear walls
- Composite elements
- Beams
- Slabs
- Staircases
- Foundation
Quantity surveying
- Estimation of the concrete’s quantity
- Estimation of the formworks’ quantity
- Estimation of the spacers’ quantity
- Estimation of the reinforcements' quantity
- Total estimation of the materials’ quantities
- Optimization of the reinforcement schedule
- Estimation of the structural frame’s cost
- Electronic exchange of designs - bids - orders
Detailing drawings
- General
- The drawings’ title block
- Carpenter’s drawings
- Steel fixer’s drawings
Tables
- Table 1
- Table 2
- Table 3
Drawings
- Carpenter’s drawings
- Steel fixer’s drawings
Model (exemplary) construction

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Nominal/ Characteristic values of loads

The EC1 provides nominal values for all practical loadings, e.g. self-weight of every material, angles of repose of loose materials, loads of forklift vehicles, take-off loads of helicopters, dynamic magnification factors etc. It also describes rules for the assessment of accidental actions from impact and explosions.

Materials self-weights

Material	Usual value
Reinforced Concrete	25.0	kN/m³
Plaster	20.0	kN/m³
Marble	27.0	kN/m³
Sand	18.0	kN/m³
Water	10.0	kN/m³

Floor coverings self-weights

Material	Value Variation	Usual value
Lightweight concrete	6.0-12.0	8.0	kN/m³
Slabs covering	0.5-1.5	1.2	kN/m²
Top floor covering	1.0-2.0	1.5	kN/m²
Stairs covering	1.0-1.8	1.5	kN/m²

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