Imposed loads|www.BuildingHow.com

VOLUME A
The art of construction and detailing
Introduction
The structural frame
- Introduction
- Structural frame elements
  - Columns
  - Beams
  - Slabs
  - Staircases
  - Foundation
- STRUCTURAL FRAME LOADING
- BEHAVIOR OF THE STRUCTURAL FRAME
  - The behavior and reinforcement of a slab
  - Behavior and reinforcement of beams and columns
Construction methods
- The materials
- The moulds
- Thermal insulation of structural elements
- Concrete
- The steel
- Reinforcement specifications of antiseismic design
- Industrial stirrups - stirrup cages
- Standardized cross-sections of reinforced concrete elements
Reinforcement
- Columns
- Shear walls
- Composite elements
- Beams
- Slabs
- Staircases
- Foundation
Quantity surveying
- Estimation of the concrete’s quantity
- Estimation of the formworks’ quantity
- Estimation of the spacers’ quantity
- Estimation of the reinforcements' quantity
- Total estimation of the materials’ quantities
- Optimization of the reinforcement schedule
- Estimation of the structural frame’s cost
- Electronic exchange of designs - bids - orders
Detailing drawings
- General
- The drawings’ title block
- Carpenter’s drawings
- Steel fixer’s drawings
Tables
- Table 1
- Table 2
- Table 3
Drawings
- Carpenter’s drawings
- Steel fixer’s drawings
Model (exemplary) construction

« Brick masonry loads Design values of actions »

Imposed loads

Category	Examples		q_k []Note*The uniform load q_k is significant for the majority of the earthquake resistant structures of reinforced concrete. For local verifications a maximum concentrated load Q_k acting alone should be taken into account. Values of loads Q_k are cited in the EC1 6.3.1.2 and the corresponding national annex. (kN/m²)
Α Areas for domestic activities	Rooms in residential buildings and houses. Bedrooms and wards in hospitals. Bedrooms in hotels and hostels kitchens and toilets.	floorings	2.0
		stairs	3.5
Β Office areas		balconies	5.0
C Other gathering areas	C1: Areas with tables, e.g. areas in schools, cafes, restaurants.		3.0
	C2: Areas with fixed seats, e.g. areas in churches, theatres, waiting rooms.		5.0
	C3: Areas without obstacles for moving people, e.g. areas in museums, exhibition rooms. Also, access areas in public buildings, hotels, hospitals etc.		5.0
	C4: Areas with possible physical activities, e.g. gymnastic rooms, dance halls.		5.0
	C5: Areas susceptible to large crowds, e.g. sports halls including stands, concert halls, railway platforms.		7.5
D Shopping areas	D1: Areas in retail shops, in general.		5.0
	D2: Areas in department stores.		5.0

Table 2.2.2.4: Characteristic values of imposed loads q_k

Snow loads [EC1 1.3] and wind loads [EC1 1.4]

Snow loads, as a rule, are less significant than human imposed loads (0.6-1.5 kN/m²). In areas of intense winds, the average wind pressure is around 1.50 kN/m².

« Brick masonry loads Design values of actions »