Torsional stiffness of beams|www.BuildingHow.com

VOLUME A
The art of construction and detailing
Introduction
The structural frame
- Introduction
- Structural frame elements
  - Columns
  - Beams
  - Slabs
  - Staircases
  - Foundation
- STRUCTURAL FRAME LOADING
- BEHAVIOR OF THE STRUCTURAL FRAME
  - The behavior and reinforcement of a slab
  - Behavior and reinforcement of beams and columns
Construction methods
- The materials
- The moulds
- Thermal insulation of structural elements
- Concrete
- The steel
- Reinforcement specifications of antiseismic design
- Industrial stirrups - stirrup cages
- Standardized cross-sections of reinforced concrete elements
Reinforcement
- Columns
- Shear walls
- Composite elements
- Beams
- Slabs
- Staircases
- Foundation
Quantity surveying
- Estimation of the concrete’s quantity
- Estimation of the formworks’ quantity
- Estimation of the spacers’ quantity
- Estimation of the reinforcements' quantity
- Total estimation of the materials’ quantities
- Optimization of the reinforcement schedule
- Estimation of the structural frame’s cost
- Electronic exchange of designs - bids - orders
Detailing drawings
- General
- The drawings’ title block
- Carpenter’s drawings
- Steel fixer’s drawings
Tables
- Table 1
- Table 2
- Table 3
Drawings
- Carpenter’s drawings
- Steel fixer’s drawings
Model (exemplary) construction

« Vertical deformation of beams Final conclusion »

Torsional stiffness of beams

The effect of torsional stiffness of beams was studied parametrically as a percentage οf full elastic torsional stiffness of beams (100%, 10%, 1%). Similar results obtained from both finite element models (bar, two-dimensional). Ιn the case of full elastic torsional stiffness, both side beams are stressed by high torsion, caused by the moments on the supports of the main joists sitting on those beams. For 10% the torsion of the two beams is of moderate intensity, while for 1% both beams are practically not stressed by torsion.

Figure 3.3.6.3-1: Torsional moments of beams of torsional stiffness 100%. Bar finite element model Figure 3.3.6.3-1: Torsional moments of beams of torsional stiffness 100%. Bar finite element model	Figure 3.3.6.3-2: Torsional moments of beams of torsional stiffness 10%. Bar finite element model Figure 3.3.6.3-2: Torsional moments of beams of torsional stiffness 10%. Bar finite element model
Figure 3.3.6.3-3: Torsional moments of beams of torsional stiffness 1%. Bar finite element model. Figure 3.3.6.3-3: Torsional moments of beams of torsional stiffness 1%. Bar finite element model.

Figure 3.3.6.3-4: Torsional moments of beams of torsional stiffness 100%. Triangular finite element model Figure 3.3.6.3-4: Torsional moments of beams of torsional stiffness 100%. Triangular finite element model	Figure 3.3.6.3-5 Torsional moments of beams of torsional stiffness 10%. Triangular finite element model Figure 3.3.6.3-5 Torsional moments of beams of torsional stiffness 10%. Triangular finite element model
Figure 3.3.6.3-6: Torsional moments of beams of torsional stiffness 1%. Triangular finite element model Figure 3.3.6.3-6: Torsional moments of beams of torsional stiffness 1%. Triangular finite element model

« Vertical deformation of beams Final conclusion »