Actions on structures|www.BuildingHow.com

VOLUME A
The art of construction and detailing
Introduction
The structural frame
- Introduction
- Structural frame elements
  - Columns
  - Beams
  - Slabs
  - Staircases
  - Foundation
- STRUCTURAL FRAME LOADING
- BEHAVIOR OF THE STRUCTURAL FRAME
  - The behavior and reinforcement of a slab
  - Behavior and reinforcement of beams and columns
Construction methods
- The materials
- The moulds
- Thermal insulation of structural elements
- Concrete
- The steel
- Reinforcement specifications of antiseismic design
- Industrial stirrups - stirrup cages
- Standardized cross-sections of reinforced concrete elements
Reinforcement
- Columns
- Shear walls
- Composite elements
- Beams
- Slabs
- Staircases
- Foundation
Quantity surveying
- Estimation of the concrete’s quantity
- Estimation of the formworks’ quantity
- Estimation of the spacers’ quantity
- Estimation of the reinforcements' quantity
- Total estimation of the materials’ quantities
- Optimization of the reinforcement schedule
- Estimation of the structural frame’s cost
- Electronic exchange of designs - bids - orders
Detailing drawings
- General
- The drawings’ title block
- Carpenter’s drawings
- Steel fixer’s drawings
Tables
- Table 1
- Table 2
- Table 3
Drawings
- Carpenter’s drawings
- Steel fixer’s drawings
Model (exemplary) construction

« General Nominal/ Characteristic values of loads »

Actions on structures

The actions (F) imposed on a structure [EC2, 2.3.1.] can be:

Direct actions due to concentrated or distributed forces, e.g. self-weights, imposed loads etc. The EC1 gives their characteristic values ( F_k).
Indirect actions as a result of imposed deformation due to temperature changes, differential settlements of foundations etc.
Seismic actions caused by earthquake ground motions [*]NoteSeismic actions are in fact indirect. However, due to their determinate significance in seismic areas, they are being referred separately.

Classification of actions

Actions are classified [EC0, 4.1.1.] as:

permanent (G), e.g. self- weight of structures
variable (Q), e.g. imposed loads on building slabs
accidental (A), e.g. impact from vehicles
Seismic actions are a special category that could be considered more as variable than as accidental.

« General Nominal/ Characteristic values of loads »